Seventy years ago, there was a great incident in the history of
Indonesia that is a big battle of Surabaya. This incident continues to
be remembered by Indonesian people with establish the date November 10th as a Heroes Day and Surabaya recognized as The City of Heroes.
Battle of Surabaya
One of the most important battles of the Indonesian revolution. The
incident was a big war between Indonesian army and Dutch troops happened
in Surabaya on November 10th 1945. This battle was first war
between Indonesian troops and foreign troops after Proclamation of
Indonesian Independence and a formidable war in history of Indonesian
Revolution which being nationality symbol of resistance to colonialism.
Chronology about battle of Surabaya happened due to the arrival of
allies troops and they attacked Indonesia. Not only that, Dutch troops
also behind allies because they still ambitious to rule Indonesia again.
From this incident also known that British Brigadier Mallaby have been
killed. Then, after British Brigadier Mallaby killed, his successor
General Major Robert Mansergh gave ultimatum to the republicans inside
the city to surrender until November 10th at 6 o’clock but they refused.
In the morning of November 10th 1945, British soldiers
attacked Surabaya massively. They began bombing from air to Surabaya
government buildings then they mobilize approximate 30.000 infantery, a
number of planes, tanks, and warships.
Then British army continued to bombard Surabaya city with cannon from
seashore and land. After that, the resistance of Indonesian troops and
military flared up throughout the city with active assistance from civil
residents. The involvement of civil residents to this battle resulted
in thousands of civilians falling victim in that battle, both dead and
wounded.
Bung Tomo
He was the Indonesian Revolutionary Leader
was the most respected. He was a courageous Surabayan youth (Arek Suroboyo) also. He
represents the spirit of the revolutionary struggle of Indonesian major
at that time.
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| Bung Tomo |
British parties supossed that the fight in Surabaya can be conquered
for three days. Community figures such as youths pioneer, Bung Tomo
which have great influence and charismatic in the communities always
encouraging the spirit of Surabaya youths to resistance allies and
colonialism. So the resistance continues although British allies
attacked massively.
Religious figures which consists of Moslem clerics from Javanese
religious boarding school such as KH. Hasyim Asy’ari, KH. Wahab
Hasbullah, etc also mobilized their religious pupil and civil residents
as resistance militia (NB : At that time,citizens was not very obedient
to governement but they more obedient to religious leaders) so this war
lasted extremely long, from day to day, until from week to week more.
Resistance of the people who originally spontaneous and uncoordinated,
increasingly organized from day to day. This large scale battle was
reached until three weeks.
At least 6.000 until 16.000 Indonesian fighters were killed and 200.000
civilians were displaced from Surabaya. While victims of Great Britain
dan India troops only 600 until 2000 soldiers. That bloody battle in
Surabaya which have killed a thousand of casualties mobilized resistance
of the people throughout Indonesia to repel invaders and defend the
independence.
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| Makam Pahlawan Tak Dikenal |
Because of the many fighters were killed and civilians who became victims of the 10th November 1945 so on this date is remembered as Heroes’ Day by the Republic of Indonesia until now.
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